Arthur Miller Essay

An important theme in Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"All My Sons† is the responsibility a man has for another man. Miller stressed that people must be held accountable for their actions to society and they will be held accountable by the inevitable justice found in the universe: karma. This theme is expressed through action as well as characters throughout the entire play; it is subtle at first but slowly becomes more prominent until Joe Keller finally realizes exactly how his actions affected people outside of his family. To begin, Keller’s character is important to the theme because he represents the opposite of being responsible for his actions and being held accountable to society. Joe Keller seems like a simple kind of man. His greatest wishes are to obtain the American dream for his wife and to create a legacy to pass on to his son. However, he harbors a dark secret that explains how he achieved those dreams for his family- he knowingly shipped out faulty airplane parts during wartime. Up until the time of the play, Keller did not believe he did a terrible thing by shipping those parts out. As he explains, when he came home from jail he was like an expert on the â€Å"whole jail thing† and, over time, the children â€Å"got it confused and†¦ [he] ended up a detective†(29). Or, more clearly, he went from being the bad guy to being the good guy. In Keller’s mind, he was the good guy because he saved his family from being poor and having their reputations in the gutter. He says to his wife, â€Å"you wanted money, so I made money†(76). To him, he simply did what he had to do to protect and take care of his family. At that point in his life he was not able to see the big picture of things; he was only able to see one little contour, just one small piece, of what makes up the universe. Furthermore, it is evident that Keller’s small piece of the universe, his family, is what is most important to him. Throughout the play he tells Chris that everything he has done with the business , including sending out cracked gear heads, was for Chris: â€Å"it was a chance and I took it for you†(70). Keller believed that he had to send out those parts so that he would still have a business to pass on to his son. Chris replies â€Å"what is that, the world- the business?†(70). He is asking his father if the whole world is the business. And the answer in Keller’s mind is, as long as it takes care of his family, yes it is the world. Slowly, though, Keller begins to see just what his actions have caused to happen to other people. Take, for example, when he speaks to Ann about her father, Steve. He finds out that Ann and George never visit Steve in jail and that they don’t even write to him. Keller is unable to understand why the children would â€Å"crucify† their father and he pleads with Ann to not â€Å"make a murderer out of him†(32). He realizes that Steve’s life was ruined and his relationships with his children, something that Keller gives very high value to, are ruined as well. It is also easy to believe that Keller doesn’t want to see Steve crucified because if he is, that means that Keller should be too. And if Keller was punished for his actions, that means there is â€Å"something bigger† in the world than the relationship between father and son. The whole ordeal with Steve and Steve’s children gives Keller a clue that there may be bigger things in the world than familial relationships and also that there may be consequences to wrongful actions. Finally, Chris and Larry (posthumously) work to enlighten Keller that â€Å"there’s a universe of people outside and that [he’s] responsible to it†(84). Chris’ character alone serves as a guidepost to this revelation. He is the epitome of the idea of responsibility and accountability to society because he is the person that reaches for something he wants but pulls â€Å"back because other people will suffer†(16). Chris takes other people’s feelings and well-being into account before he acts. He learned to be so self-less in the war, as he watched his men kill themselves for each other. He describes it as â€Å"a kind of†¦ responsibility. Man for man†(35-36). He learned that you cannot only look out for yourself in this world, but you have to help other people out as well. And Larry, whom Keller thought shared his ideas on the way the world was made (with a â€Å"forty-foot front†), had a good sense that people must consider the good of the many before they act for the few. It is his letter to Ann, in which he states he â€Å"can’t bear to live anymore†(83) because of what his father did, that brings everything crashing down around Keller. In the same way Larry’s memorial tree came crashing down and allowed more light to shine into the arbor, his letter shined light onto the true ways of the universe. Everything that Keller stood for, everything he believed in was wrong. He finally realized that he did a terrible thing that killed not only strangers, but people who were fathers, brothers, and sons. In essence, he killed the thing he lives for; he killed family. This revelation drives home the idea that justice will inevitably be brought to the wrong-doers. Keller’s karma comes back and makes him not only set everything right in the universe again but pay the ultimate price for his actions: death by his own hand. Chris, Ann, and Kate can now move forward, not bogged down by shame and guilt, and they can â€Å"live.†

How Do Stevenson And Golding Reveal The Characters Of Edward Hyde And Roger In their Texts? Essay

In Golding’s ‘Lord of The Flies’ and Stevenson’s ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ there are main characters of evil, Hyde and Roger. Their characters are revealed skilfully in the texts by the authors. Their characters are uncovered though various characteristics such as their names, where they live, their description and their actions and crimes. ‘Hyde’ from ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ has an extraordinary name; it is a metaphor of ‘Hide’, this is used because after he has committed his crimes he is very sly and runs from the police back to his derelict house and turns back to Jekyll for example, when Hyde slayed Carew. Roger’s name means spear; this could imply that he has more to him than first thought, for example, a spear is used in the hunt for killing, Roger enjoys the hunt of the sow and has merciless pleasure in the killing. The places Roger and Hyde live, illustrate certain things about them, Hyde for example lives in a house that could be conveyed as anything but homely; it is described as ‘a certain sinister block of building thrust forward in its gable on the street’, this suggests something different about Hyde, perhaps that he too is distinctive from the crowd. Descriptive imagery of him shows ‘something wrong’ about him, his house is used as a metaphor for him, he and his house share distinct features of deformity and neglect ‘in every feature bore the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence’ and him a ‘strong feeling of deformity’. Hyde’s outward appearance is also compared to that of an animal, possibly suggesting that he is not entirely human. Roger’s settlement is also used as an interpretation of Roger, he stays at first with the whole group on the beach, but throughout the novel as the boys break up, he follows Jack and moves up to ‘Castle Rock’, he uses Castle rock as a type of fort, unlike Hyde the place where Rodger stays is the place he commits his worst crime, the murder of Piggy. Roger’s first examples of aggressiveness could at first be conveyed as horrible childish pranks or games, when he starts off by throwing stones at the ‘littluns’, he first aims to miss because he is still held by the thought of civilisation, its rules and the punishment he would receive at home. As the thought of civilisation dies away and Roger realises that his immoral behaviour does not need to be suppressed, as there is no one on the island that can enforce punishment. Roger and Maurice antagonize the ‘littluns’ by walking over and destroying their Sandcastles, ‘led the way through the sandcastles, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen rocks’. By chapter 10 Roger’s ‘childish games’ are so savage and evil, that his cruel instincts kill Piggy, ‘with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all of his weight on the lever†¦.The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from the chin to the knee’. Hyde is exposed to the reader as evil from the very first encounter with him in the book. He tramples over an innocent young girl and after does not seem to show any remorse for his actions. Although Hyde represents evil throughout the book, his wickedness increases somewhat to cause death, he kills ‘Sir Danvers Carew’; he and Sir Danvers are in midst of a conversation when Hyde appears to dislike something that is said, he then flies into a rage and clubs Carew to death. Throughout the novel Roger is progressively revealed as more and more evil, he begins to intentionally hurt the other boys. Roger represents pure evil; he is a sadist and causes pain and hurt for fun. Roger has no mercy; he gets sadistic pleasure by inflicting pain, for example the torture of the pig and of the other boys on the island. Hyde also represents pure evil; his trampling of the girl and the killing of ‘Sir Danvers Carew’ is for no apparent reason, Hyde kills because ‘Carew’ is a wholly good character, because of this Hyde feels the need to harm him. The way Stevenson and Golding reveal the characters of Hyde and Roger in the texts, is very important in establishing what the characters are truly like. Hyde represents evil from the moment he is presented to the reader, unlike Roger who begins in the novel a very introverted boy, he gradually discovers a malevolent side of himself; one that was not able to surface in a civilised world with all of its restraint and punishments.

Health Planning and Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Planning and Regulations - Essay Example This paper aims at discussing United Health Group Company profiled in America’s Health Insurance plan, discussing its program and opinion on how it will improve the education of the people it is targeting. The America Health Insurance plan has more than 1200 companies which sells health insurance to more that 250 million of Americans. One of the companies profiled in the Insurance Plan is United Health Group Company. This institution plays a great role in advocating health literacy to Americans, because, they are responsible for making it difficult or easier for people to use and find health services and information. It provides current health information, which is important for most Americans to make decisions on their health. Health Literacy can affect both people with education skills or not. It is a challenge to many individuals, like when they are not aware of medical terms and how their bodies function. Additionally, sometimes they are forced to interpret risks or numbers in order to make decisions based on their health, or when they are diagnosed with scary illness. Some individuals have complex conditions, which require complicated self-care. According to, Health (23-36) lack of health literacy affects adults in all ethnic and racial groups. Both uninsured and insured adults have low literacy and health skills. Additionally, both college graduates and high school graduates can have limited literacy. United Health Group Company program helps both unschooled and schooled understand and acquire health information. The company’s program consists of health education campaigns that are designed to help the Americans and their families understand group laws and health benefits which govern them, especially when they are experiencing changes in the works, childbirth, retirement, job loss, work situations and marriages. It helps in educating them on some of the benefits of health coverage

Intrime Report-E-cigarette Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intrime Report-E-cigarette - Essay Example Thereafter a conclusion is drawn. This literature survey examines the issues of electronic cigarette. It begins with a definition of electronic cigarette. The similarity between this type of cigarette and the conventional one is also critically examined and reviewed here and the difference brought out clearly. The benefits, if any and the health risks of this cigarette are also looked at in this survey. Furthermore, a brief history, components and legal aspects of this type of cigarette are well examined. Electronic cigarette, also known as a vapor cigarette can be defined as an electrical inhaler which is normally known to vaporize a polyethylene glycol or glycerin, a liquid solution, into a mist known as aerosol. This combination is familiar with the stimulation of tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarette has a similarity with the conventional cigarette in its physical form. The design is actually similar to that of the conventional cigarette (Gilbert Ross, 2012, p.98). Besides, the amount of nicotine that is released is also almost equal to that which is released by the conventional cigarette. The only difference comes in the type of inhalation. While in e-cigarette, the inhalation is electrified, the conventional cigarette is manually inhaled. The origin of e-cigarette can be traced back to 1963 when one Herbart Gilbert patented an idea which resulted to a device that was referred to as a smokeless non tobacco cigarette. This effectively eliminated and replaced the burning of tobacco and paper with heated, flavored and moist air. This device was capable of heating the solution of nicotine and as a result produced steam. This individual was approached by several companies. Unfortunately his device was never commercialized and so by 1967, the idea was thrown into the dustbin of history. In 2000, Hon Lik, a Chines pharmacist, invented the idea of utilizing piezoelectric ultrasound to aid in vaporization of a pressurized liquid jet

Project Management Plan Essay & Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project Management Plan & Presentation - Essay Example Application of these systems have proved to be insufficient in operations of Qatar Hospitals and requires improvement. As such, this current system will be replaced by an Integrated Hospital System (HS) in order to improve the performance of the hospital operations. The new systems seeks to update the hospital system in the wake of technological advancement especially during emergencies. The purpose of Request for Quotes is to request proposal to replace the current Qatar Hospitals Systems with a new integrated Hospital System (HS) for greater functionality and integration with other vital information systems. The Request for Quotes indicates the basic requirements of the project, hardware and software and description of RFQ process. The resolution of this document is to express the communications strategies and goals of the sustainable integration project. These advanced goals and strategies are anticipated to offer direction in planning and evaluating results of the present and forthcoming communications efforts. The sustainable packaging project Communications Management Plan (CMP) expresses the project’s organization and procedures of information screening, collection, distribution and formatting of project information. The communication log for this project helps track communication as follows. The plan will be aimed to document the tools, processes and procedures that will be used to achieve and control those events that could have a negative effect on this project. All the risks that are related to the project. The details regarding identifying the risk, assessing, risk tracking and reporting as well as risk contingency plan will be included. The identified risks are presented as

Midieval literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Midieval literature - Essay Example This ambiguity produced ambivalence in Marie's characters. Most of Marie de France's works raised issues on feminism and chauvinism. The most striking similarities are to be found in the stories of Bisclavret and Lanval. If one were to choose which of these two stories took an ambivalent stand on the issue of the superior gender, it obviously was the story of Lanval, an allusion to Sir Launfal of the Arthurian legends. Being a narrative about the one of the Knights of the Round Table, the reader could not help but take the poem to a broader perspective, which further contributes to the point raised of the ambivalent nature of men and women alike. This is due to the fact that these tales had been widely read and studied through time and places alike. Although one would argue if this treatment should be called such. Marie de France, being a highly intelligent woman would have had a purpose for playing such contrast against each other, may be something nobler than making the woman play evil in a man's world. Instead of ambivalence, it could be more aptly called sensitivity or benevolence. Such so-called ambivalence would result to the readers being prodded to think critically or to reevalute the charac ters and at the same time their characterization and nature. The issue of ambivalence is quite pale in Bisclavret. Marie de France consistently played the men as good, while the wife was faithless. It could be said that the characters kept their virtues or their evilness up to the end. In this poem, one gender was shown as consistently good while the other was consistently bad. In this narrative, the men portrayed the good parts. They could be perceived as honorable and somehow pitiful throughout. On the other hand, the women are cast as antagonistic. Bisclavret was shown as an innocent and harmless victim and a very good friend to the king. Marie de France described him in the opening lines as "a handsome knight, an able man, and acted like, a noble man". He also revealed an amiable character since "both the King and his neighbors held him dear". If this was pointed out from start to finish, it could be concluded that the character has been consistently good. (Marie's Bisclavret 1) Bisclavret had been trusting and gullible against the wiles of his wife. He entrusted her with his most precious secret. That is, that he would change into a beast every time he goes to the wilderness and the most important thing of all ... his transformation could only be undone through his clothing. He was easily beguiled by his wife. The only time he showed a negative behavior against his wife, and then her lover was towards the end of the story. His attack was justifiable and reasonable and was born out of rage for having been wronged by the traitors. But then again, this could not be considered as an evil act since in the light of justice, his action was really justifiable. He was well loved not only by the king but by his household as well. The moment the garwolf saw the king in the forest, Bisclavret showed such gentle nature that he won the king over. Aside from the king, the people in the palace must have witnessed the same since they believed the beasts' ferocity towards h is wife and her lover to be caused by a valid reason. The members of the household believed that Bisclavret "never had he acted this way to any man he'd seen, until this day. All those of the household insist there must be a reason he's doing this."

Business Management - Corporate Social Responsibility at IKEA Essay

Business Management - Corporate Social Responsibility at IKEA - Essay Example This is the great social welfare of the society.As one of Ikea’s executive says about Kamprad â€Å"He focuses on the human. What motivates Ingvar Kamprad is not profit alone but improving the quality of life of people†. The company has demonstrated this through a supply of products which have global acceptance as they fit the diverse socio-cultural aspects of any market segment in the various countries of operation. Kamprad who is the founder of the firm takes personal initiative to meet employees and clients face to face before holding a participatory decision meeting with the management. This Ikea’s customer-focused products requires the complete involvement of the staff, suppliers, and other stakeholders and this explains its centralized management and a well-coordinated international marketing and franchised entities under its name. The interest of the society is taken into consideration by the company from its evident global appeal and its founder’s less bureaucracy style of leadership for efficiency and quality. The increasing call for social responsibility of Ikea in terms of environmental care has seen it reorganize its management strategy and overall objective. There are several complaints brought against the global operation of Ikea and of central concern is the child labor which some of its subsidiaries in India are involved in. The international trade regulations and the general expectation of the society are to keep children out of labor. It is therefore evident that the child labor case in India which is an associate of Ikea significantly tainted its reputation and overall sales revenue. This is an act perceived as exploitation and its effect on the company’s image has considerable drawbacks in its market performance (Coombs & Holladay, 2012, pg63).  

Pythagorean Quadratic Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pythagorean Quadratic - Speech or Presentation Example Ahmed has half of a treasure map, which indicates that the treasure is buried in the desert 2x + 6 paces from Castle Rock. Vanessa has the other half of the map. Her half indicates that to find the treasure, one must get to Castle Rock, walk x paces to the north, and then walk 2x + 4 paces to the east. If they share their information, then they can find x and save a lot of digging. What is ‘x’? Since the Pythagorean Theorem is given by c2 = a2 + b2 then, each of the expressions ‘x’, ‘2x + 4’, and ‘2x + 6’ representing the sides of the right triangle which encloses the route to the buried treasure may be plugged into the Pythagorean equation such that (2x + 6)2 = x2 + (2x + 4)2 where ‘2x + 6’ paces refers to the measure of the longest side. Then expanding the binomials (2x + 6)2 and (2x + 4)2 yields 4x2 + 24x + 36 and 4x2 + 16x + 16, respectively. Upon combining like terms in the compound equation formed, the resulting equation turns out quadratic with x2 - 8x - 20 = 0. By factoring the trinomial, x2 - 8x - 20 becomes the product (x - 10) * (x + 2). Through zero-factor property, each factor may be equated to zero to have x - 10 = 0 and x + 2 = 0, correspondingly. Solving completely, ‘x’ can be isolated on one side of each equation, becoming x = 10 and x = -2. It is logical to use positive values, so in this case, take x = 10. This means from Castle Rock to the place where the treasure is buried, Ahmed can walk 2*(10) + 6 or 26 paces to access the treasure or Vanessa can walk 10 paces heading north first then 2*(10) + 4 or 24 paces going east to be brought to the treasure spot. Apparently, ‘Pythagorean Theorem’ proves useful in solving the specified problem which may be put into an illustration of a closed three-sided figure. Since there are distances covered northward and eastward, a

Verbal Communication Essay Example for Free

Verbal Communication Essay Verbal and nonverbal communication can affect the way that communication is interpreted among many people throughout society and within the criminal justice system. Communication is the best way to relay information whether it is verbal or nonverbal. Both of these forms of communication can be effective throughout the criminal justice system from police situations, courtroom settings, and correction facilities to a juvenile facility. Verbal and nonverbal communication can be valuable when there is a police situation. In a situation such as a robbery, the witnesses would use both verbal and nonverbal communication in order to help the police with the investigation. Witnesses are most likely to use body language such as putting their head down, not looking directly at the officer or crossing their arms during an interrogation. They would also use gestures with their hands to identify different descriptions of a suspect or the scene of the crime. Witnesses are also likely to tell the investigator verbally what they saw. In a police situation where an officer or the chief of police is making a public announcement verbal communication would be the most important and the most used form of communication when making a public announcement. While making a public announcement, the officer or chief of police will have to verbally inform the public of whatever the situation is going on. Verbal communication would be the primary choice when it comes to testifying in court. Verbally, all parties in the court room setting would use this form of communication to get information throughout the courtroom. The attorneys will communicate verbally among each other, the witnesses, the jurors and the judge. An example of the communicating verbally when testifying would be the attorneys questioning the person that is on the stand which would be a witness or the defendant in the case. When the witness or defendant is giving their testimony it will be communicated to the attorneys, jurors and the judge in order for jury to come to a verdict in the case. I do also believe that nonverbal communication can be used when testifying. Nonverbal communication while testifying would include not looking directly at the attorney who is asking the questions. In a corrections facility both verbal and nonverbal are factors when dealing with your peers, inmates or other employees within the facility. Depending on the situation, I believe that both of these communication methods are able to be  used successfully to communicate with one another. When dealing with the inmates, using nonverbal communication could work just as well as verbal communication. Most of the time, once an inmate sees a worker or correction officer they will know what is to be done without the officer speaking a word to them. Then, there are times where officers will have to use verbal communication, to get a direct order across to an inmate. In particular, if a hostile situation that is taking place and they have to take in control of the situation. When dealing with other employees in the facility, officers can communicate with each other through verbal communication or nonverbal if they want to become discreet around the inmates. Most of the time, the employees may be verbal through walkie talkies or in person with one another. In a juvenile facility, verbal communication may be the best way to communicate with the juveniles. Juveniles may find it very hard to listen to direct orders coming from superiors but, communicating to them verbally will have a better outcome than trying to communicate with them nonverbally. Juveniles will respond to nonverbal communication such as gestures from the officers. Juveniles dealing with other juvenile inmates, they would use nonverbal communication. Many times juvenile facilities will have gangs or multiple juveniles who are friends or associates before they came to the juvenile facility. These juveniles will use nonverbal communication to communicate with each other under the radar of the officers. They may use gang hand signs, body gestures or possibly the way that they wear their clothing. If a juvenile rolls their sleeve up on their shirt, this could be a way of communicating with other juveniles telling them what gang they are a part of or if they are trying to pick a fight. Verbal communication between the juveniles in the facilities is also used. Juveniles would most likely speak in code to one other so the officers would not know what they are saying to each other. Speaking in code is a big form of communication among the juveniles in the detention centers. This could leave the officers out of the loop or distract them from leads on possible escapes or fights that are going to take place. Among all of these areas of the criminal justice system, all of them deal with verbal and nonverbal communication. Both forms of communication verbal and nonverbal are effective in all areas in the justice system. Police situations, courtroom settings, corrections facilities and juvenile facilities all use these forms of communication  different to make them effective for their use. Communication is a key part in making all areas of the criminal justice system function with clarity and understanding.

Thomas Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Thomas Jefferson Essay What do we know about Thomas Jefferson as far as his life and work are concerned and did he really deserve to have his name on the Declaration of Independence?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Jefferson operated on two levels, as his opposition to slavery as a slave owner attests. Willard Sterne Randall argues, (Randall, 1994) this duality is what made him so effective. Whether Thomas Jefferson’s 1784 draft of Virginia’s constitution â€Å"prefigured the founding documents of republics in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, as well as the Confederate States Of America,† as Randall claims, is questionable, but his impact on international trade, diplomatic discussions and the success of the state of Virginia cannot be disputed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book, â€Å"Life of Thomas Jefferson) author B.L. Rayner tells us (Rayner, 1834) that Thomas Jefferson was born April 13, 1743 on the farm called Shadwell, adjoining now what is called Monticello, in the county of Albermarle, Virginia. He was inaugurated as President in 1801.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the age of five, young Thomas Jefferson was placed in an English school where he attended faithfully for four years and he was left an orphan at the age of fourteen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willard Sterne Randall also explains that the acquaintances that he formed in college probably determined the route of his ambition. These were the first characters in the whole province, among who he has placed on records the names of three individuals who were particularly instrumental in fixing his future destinies. Dr. Small was one of his professors in college who made him his daily companion.   Governor Fauquier to whose acquaintance and familiar table, he was admitted, and George Wythe, his faithful and beloved mentor in his youth and one of   his most affectionate friends and allies, during his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"After having proved the original motion asserting their independence, Congress proceeded the same day, July 2, to consider The Declaration of Independence, which had been reported to lie on the table.† Rayner tells us. The debates were again renewed with great violence. It’s progress was continually disputed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I strongly believe that Thomas Jefferson’s name should be signed on the Declaration of Independence, since the Declaration of Independence was chiefly written by Thomas Jefferson and he created the first rough drafts of the papers and he also made several emendations to it, including alterations he ascribed to John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, who along with Jefferson, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston made up the committee charged by the Continental Congress with the drafting of a declaration in which Thomas Jefferson was one of the most important characters in which the Declaration of Independence was written and signed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Jefferson made a huge impact on our nation during his life and with his important work, which included being a national leader; The President of the United States of America, and an important figure who was especially involved in the creation of the Declaration of Independence. Randall, Willard Sterne, (1994), Thomas Jefferson: A Life, Harper Perennial. P. 18 Rayner, B.L., (1834), Life of Thomas Jefferson, Lilly, Wait, Colmon Holden, p. 45